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266655 WHI7E - CITY CLERK 2sss55 PINK - FINqNCE GITY OF SAINT PALTL Council CANARY - DEPARTMENT File NO. BLUE - MAYOR - . � uncil Resolution . � Presented By Referred To Committee: Date Out of Committee By Date WHEREAS, Chapter 19 of the Administrative Code requires that the City Council shall each year determine the streets on which trees shall be maintained, together with the estimated amount of service charges to be levied against benefited property for such tree maintenance, and prior to such determination that the Council shall conduct a public hearing on the proposed forestry maintenance program; and WHEREAS, The Department of Community Services has presented the proposed 1976 forestry maintenance program for Council consideration; now, therefore, be i t RESOLVED, That the Council of the City of Saint Paul does hereby declare a public hearing shall be held on the iZth day of Februar 1976, before the City Council for the purpose o ' consi er ng the approva of the 1976 forestry maintenance program, and the City Clerk is hereby directed to publish the prescribed notice in a legal newspaper at least twice, the last publication being no less than one week prior to the public hearing, a copy of the approved notice being attached hereto. r COUIVCILMEIV Requested by Department of: � Yeas Nays � Christensen U111 t C@S � Hunt In Favor Levine � �'$°�°� Against - Sylvester Tedesco President � a Adopted by C i : ate '�N 2'2 �976 Form by it or y C Certif' Passe uncil retarb BY � By Appro by Mayor: ate N 2 6 � Approved by May for Submission to ou By PUBttSNEO jA N � i �9�s � , . 26��55 SAINT PAUL 1976 FORESTRY MAINTENANCE PROGRAM I. BENEFITED DISTRICTS FORESTRY MAINTENANCE A. Operating Proqram for Benefited Tree Maintenance Districts 1 . District Street Tree Trimming; In this operation tree will be trimmed to: a) Preserve their health. Dead, diseased, or insect infested branc es are remove to prevent decay producing fungi from penetrating into the part of the tree to which these branches are attached. Live branches are removed to permit penetration of sunlight and circulation of air through the canopy, or to compensate for the loss of roots from root cutting. Rubbing branches are removed to prevent eventual decay. b) Insure safet . Dead, s�lit and broken branches are removed to insure pu c safety. Low hanging branches are removed to a height where they will not interfere with pedestrian and vehicular traffic. Trimming is also required to iesure proper street lighting and vision for traffic control devices. c) Im rove a earance and remove conflicts. Small plantings are tr mme to tra n trees to ex st un er ity conditions. As trees grow larger, conflicts with porches, roofs, yard trees, etc. must be corrected. Trimning for appearance is also re- quired for storm damaged trees. B. 1976 Benefited District Boundaries 1 . 1976 - A - 1 Maryland from Johnson Parkway west to Burr; Burr South to Case; Case west to Burlington Northern R.R. ; Burlington Northern R.R. south to Freeway 94; Freeway 94 east to Griffith; Griffith north to Conway; Conway west to Araade; Arcade north to Hope; Hope N.W. to 6th; 6th east to Sinnen; Sinnen N.W. to 7th; 7th N.E. to Minn- ehaha; Minnehaha east to Birmingham; Birmingham north to Case; Case S.W. to Johnson Parkway; Johnson Parkway north to Maryland. 2. 1976 - A - 2 Hoyt from Cleveland west to City Limits; City limits south to Kasota; Kasota east to Snelling; Snelling north to Como Avenue; Como Avenue west to Cleveland; Cleveland north to Hoyt. 3. 1976 - A - 3 Pierce Butler Road from Namline west to Prior; Prior south to University; University east to Hamline; Hamline north to Pierce Butler Road. -1- �66fi55 6. 1976 Benef9ted District Boundaries (continued) 4. 1976 - A - 4 Freeway 94 from Lexington west to Hamline; Hamline south to Short line; Short Line S.E. to Summit; Summit east to Lexington; Lex- ington north to Freeway 94. 5. 1976 - A - 5 Short Line from St. Clair north to Surtnnit; Summit west to Snell- ing; Snelling north to Marshall ; Marshall rest to Cretin; Cretin south to Summit; Summit west to Mississippi River Blvd; Mlssiss- ippi River Blvd, south to Randolph; Randolph east to Fairview; Fairview north to St. Clairy St. Clair east to Short Line R.R. 6. 1976 - A - 6 Freeway 35-E from Seventh Street north to Jefferson; Jefferson west to Edgcumbe Road; Edgcumbe Road south to Montreal ; Montreal east to Seventh; Seventh N.E. to Freeway 35-E: 7. 1976 - B - 1 Freeway 94 from Birmingham west to Griffith; Griffith north to Conwa�y; Conway west to Arcade; Arcade north to Hope; Hope N. W. to Sixth; Sixth east to Sinnen; Sinnen N.W, to Seventh; Seventh N.E. to Minnehaha; Minnehaha east to Birmingham; Birmingham south to Freeway 94. 8. 1976 - B - 2 Kasota from City Limits east to Transfer Road; Transfer Road south to University; University N.W. to Raymond; Raymond south to Wabash; Nabash west to City Limits; City Limits north to Kasota. 9. 1976 - 6 - 3 Larpenteur from Rice west to Victoria;; Victoria south to Como Avenue; Como Avenue S.E. to Rice Street; Rice Street north to Larpenteur. 10. 1976 - B - 4 Freeway 94 from Snelling west to Cretin; Cretin South to Marshall ; Marshall east to Snelling; Snelling north to freeway 94. zsss�� C. Financing Procedures. Forestry Maintenance Budget. . . . . . . . .. . .. . . . . . . . .. . . . . . . . $ 887,489.00 City-Wide Tree Removal $ 20,000.00 Park Tree Maintenance 10,200,00 City-Wide Tree Repair 7,500.00 City-Wide Storm Damage 35,000.00 City-Wide Tree Spraying 16,000.00 Budgeted funds to be applied 355,045.00 to benefited district maintenance cost $ 443,745.00 To be assessed to benefited. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . $ 443,744.00 properties in maintenance districts. Estimated 1 ,000,000 fcont feet at $ .4437 per front foot. .. . „ �;.. _ . , . , � ' ` 6 k '�' �,� '�' � . ��A � �+ � Y 3 i 1 � � � - '� ��. Y,' ia � is�,� � � ��-'�� {�,, ; �r . r�� ;�� u � 4 � �4 �� ;'r .:\i/',�� .:��.k �' �", �r � J' .j � � � 1� '��* � ��•r A i .' 1° 3 * a. � 's`°� E' b P'^�'+ Y � 5 'y,�, � P . ' .fa . .�.A +, � . �7 r?gx F�t3.� 1�A� t � � � df a . 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' \ s.,x ��'� 1 � F � r.` �I•: r . `r. � � � � :� '�a � ` � 3 � y„ Y , .�.� � �.`3 `sK� 1 4Y.; J � ! � - �a 1 ' � y� � � � � � KY �.�14 , � � . �� §� -��'� ; .\ e.h � . 8 ( �a j� : �' �' ��b '' � J �L�' ,� + , .Y: '��' 4 k , ' � �i � i h �' . .. 1 • ,. , :.� � �� ✓ ! i ,f a� ��7 �h t; .� � �- •' � , "� `d�.. ryr"� . . .;s. i _�..t .�, , r . ,. ,"' . . : .� �., . . , _ .:�� . . ... �.. ,. . ... . .... . ,. .. � i . ya .: .f�... . . . . . . . . . ... . . ��.. _ ��.. . , . .a . . . . t ...�. � • . ••,•- . > rNaTIC,� 014' Ft1BLiC �ABINCi . ; 4.19784-A-4 . . . �'reewaq 84 irot�f I�Stori we�t to Iia�1ine: Ham�z�e sotti'tb' to ` Notice is Hereby Y3iva'►� that Public ffihorE Line•. 3hott i�x�te 3.E. #o Hent�ing will be held G� thb S�t Summit e�st ta Le�B� of 197 �a't R: A . Ci ' �a; Le?dngtoa no}�1'h to Freg��vaY Hall aad Saiat P 5.�,y?6—/�-� Mfnnesota: t�te ElurPdee of the �ub11C Short Lfne from St.Clair north,to� Hearing beii�g fio coa�sider the pfopos�ed gummit; Baminit west to Sne11lnB: p'aleetry M�latenance•Pro�ra�3erv�ce Snelilx�g north to Mar9hall: MaT' to bg petforined in t�e City of Satht shell'wesb tio Cretim� Cretin�th Paul in 1978. i to Bummit' 5ummit west to They��C�1+uY'service D�ofined and, stssiPP! R�ver Bl�td.; �ies P i' the est3ma�S ooats es prepared bq the! River�lvd. souLh to Rando�: Depart�netrt oP Community �8eryicell�, • �dq h easi to FaFrvierov P'Y�i'- are ae foltows: view north td Bt. Clair; St. C181t 3ALN� PAIIL 197d FORESTRX east to ghort 7:ine A.B. .MAII�°ffi]'/kN�[.'E�PROGR,A� 8.18�H--A=8 �. BENf��C1��;�DI9TRICT$ P'QR�S- Freew++Y�35-E.&Om Seven�h�t�t TRY !�1 ANCE • narth;:to Jefferaon,:.JeffersP west A, OPeaAtlnB �'�'ro�ram for' BeneSttd to �cumbe Road; �dBFumbe �reA Ma�ce Distelctr Road so�ttd to A4ontreai�.AQantreal ' i.District $tieet Tree Tri�iaming� In east.to Seventhc Sede�tth N.E.�to tbic(�eratioa tree will be trimmed �P'raeway 33-�. �: 7.197$--B-1 i s)Preserie:their health:Dead,dis- Fr�waY 94 Yro�Birm�naham W.�sC eaaed, or 3nsect inieeked brAnchea to rf�iYk►; Gr�Siith noi�Eh to Coas- , waq; Conway weet to Arcade• pre.removed to pre�euL decay pr�o- Arcade north to IioPe. Sope N.W. dncvpg gungi from penekratin�into � S�:' S� east to S�npnen' khe part of.the tree.�C�o whioh�nese Sinnell N.W.'to Seventh; Seventh branches are attached• Iytve N.E, to ,MinnT n___.haha� Minirehe'ha ' � branchee ar� removed to permit e�t to $irmlagham; Birmin8haa► cu�lat�oii o�f sir�thro�uBh the cano�Y south to Frteway 94. . , or to com�ansate for the loss.o�" 8.1976—$-� roots trpa�► root cutti�►g. Aubbu�g �so from City Limitg east to branches are removed to,grevent �Trans er Road• Trsns4tr ��i�ogtl eventual decay. . sou'kh to Uninersi�r� Vniverei r b) Inynre 4atety.. Dead. split aad I �" N.W.to RaYmond' �a9�ond eou broken branches are removed to Lo Wab�; Wabash wesC to Ci insure publfc safety. Low h� j Limits: Ci�Y L�� north to Ka- branches are ne{nov�d to a he t sota. where they will not interfere th g,lg�g—g_3 ` �destrdan and vehi�ular traific. z,arpenteur irom Rice weat to �g f� als° requ�ed t° in- Victoria; Victorla soutk► to Comb sure proper street lighting and Avenue; Como Avenue S.E. to vIsion for traitic control devices. g�e Street; R9ce 3treet north to c)Improve app e and remo�e �I.p��, Confficts. gma11�1sntiAgs � 10.1976—B-4 i trimmed to train trees to ea�ist under Cfty conditione. Iks trees Freeway 94 froin Sne�1ir� v�eo�t�t�o gtow larg�r�conflict6 avlth Porches, Cr�tin: �Cret�n Suuth to�arepari' roofs, Ya?�� txees ete.`muat. be Marsh411'east to b'nelling; 3he11� ,corrected. �rimm�ng Eor appear- ing nqrth to #i'�eway 94. ance is a1�o raluired ior storm C.Flnancing .Ptocedntes damaged trees. For� Maintenance B. 1876 Bemeflted Dletrlct�omodaries g�g� : ...........�887�488.p0 1.1978—A-1 City-Wide Tree biaryland from dohneon ParkwaY Removal . ..$?A,000.00, west.to Surr; Burs South to Case: Park Tree • Ca�e west'to Burlingtox� Northern I�3siatenance .. 19.20U.d0 ' R.R.: Bur�g}Oa l�orthexz► R.R. City-WideTree sonth to P'reeway g4' Freeway D4 Repair . .... 7,500.00 east to Crr3lfiLh: Gri�Pith north W City-Witie Storm Conway;.Conwe�y atest to Arcade: Dama�e :. ��d00.00 � Arcade north to Ho e; tiope 1�T.W. City-W}dge Tree , N W t�7k�he�7t�N�:�ne� A�udBeted funda . 19�d00.00 - haHa:''Minne�►aha eaet to:Birmi�►8- to be aP lied W , ham; BirtnSngham• nort�t to CaseR bene8�distrio't Ca�e $.'Rt. to Johneon Parkwa9: ��Qe::..g53.045.00 �hdnson Parkwa3' north to MarY- . $[83,7�5.00 To be aesee�ied t�o beneRt- !2.1876-A-,II I � groperties in 31ia1nYe- Limi�s��C.itYl l mi�ut�h t°o I�f.a�- ��ated 1,�i,00 4 ont�fe�et eota; Kasota ea�t to Snelling: At;.4437 P�'�'�t foot ..�449�79�4:00 � �ae�ndrth to Como AvenW.e: 7)ated Jsnuai'Y 28. 187g• Como v�ue weat to CYeveland; ROSL MIX " Clevelahd nnrth.to dioyt. . C}ty Cierk 3.1976--A-3 . (JanuarY S1-i�`ebnietY 7�197b) I Pierce Butler Road:from uA•�,>;np west to Prior: Prior soutl�to Uai- versitY' Vniversi#9 easC to Hem• �e• �Iamline,, sorth to PierCe But�er.Road. • ! �I.�evine ue No.�55�.$Y I.ewnard W. . Whereas. Chapt�r ifF ot the Adminia, trabive Code re�ni �ti �e �� iCounc9l ahall ea�fi y�r determiae the strrets oa which trees shall be main- tained. together yrlth the eatimated �amnunt of eervice apar$es�p� lev�ed a8ainst beaeHtad�so rty for si�ch tree maintenanee, � or }o euch deter-. mfnatioa that the outeeil shalt conduct i �a ublic fieu�ag an the propoaed for-{ W ereas, T�he eD pro81'axn' attfl munftY Servi�es has�tment of Com- P�Ewsed 1979 fore pr��ted the �'Y maintenance ProSram for Counail •consider tion; now,therefare,b�i�t � R�solned, Thaf the eotu}c.�l of the City of Saint Paul dces herebg decl�re e ublio hearing shall be held oh the Y otxttcil a p�.po��e sidering the gpprovsl of the 1976 foi'est maintenAn�' �ro am. and P��1t8h the prese ibed notice�k a i@ ga� l newspaper at least twfce; the iaa�t publieation no less } � week prior to e publie he�, coAY of the approved notice being at ed hereto. dopted bY the Council Januaiy 22, �s. A�roved JannarY 2&, 1976. {JAauary 81, 1978) , CITY O� SAI ��i i' �'�1 �.� .. ' DEPARTMENT OF COMMUN{TY SE�ViC:�`� D1V1SlON OF PARKS AND RECREATION 4aII-7291 FO cESTRY S�CTION 1224 No. Lexington Par�cway St. Pau1, Minnesota 55�03 %4,�,. f�4� February 9, 1976 y ;,,,t � TO Robert Piram, Director of Community Services Department rprald Prill , Superintendent of Parks an R��reation FROM: Lloyd A. Burkholder, Asst. Superinten�ent of Parks and Recreation SUBJECT: Effects of Extending Tree Trim�ing Cycles on Public Qoulevard Tree:,. Following is a list of foot frontages for the past years in trimming cycles : 1970 - 645,309 1971 - 570,000 1972 - 774,420 " 1973 - 1 ,235,519 1974 - 966,450 1975 - 850,000 (estimated) 1976 - 700,000 (projected} The figures show that thru the use of additional equipment, training of personnel , and reasszgnment of existing perso�ne� to form 3 district trimming crews from 2 crews the foot frontaGe distances increased, and subseguently dropped �he tri�r�inq cycle to 5 years. But with increased losses of elm tre�s over the past two years i� was necessar,y to reassign one of the � district trimming crews into two removal crews. This has resulted fn a decrease in foot frontage distances covered, anu is increasing the trimming cycle time to seven or eight years. Extending the 5 year boulevard tree trimming cycle to six, sever� or more years will nave an adverse effect by: i . Increasina Dutch elm disease incidence. (a) Dutch e1m dise4se control reconr��endations niUc�: sanitation as the primary factor in ,�revcr�t�nc� �, epidemic disease outbreaks. (b} Sanitation includes the rEmova] and des�ructic�;► � C:�r�t. � � of all dead or weakened elm branch�s 2 inchcs in �iamet�r or larger. E1�� bark �e��les, Y��icn �rata�yn;°i L the fungus snores , use this source of material fo•r breed�ng and po,�ulatian builduo. Failure to eliin�nat�: this source of materiai wiTl nrovide more bark bcetles - more disease - more dying elms in a rapidly �ncr�asir�i ratio. (c) 70� to 75°� of all St. Paul 's boulevard trees are elms. Ir� r�a�y cor�munities the e1m co�r�prises 95 to 1G0�� of �f�t� boulevard trees. Healthy trees are less susceptible to attact by elm bark beetles. 2. Low�ring the pt�ysiological conditian of the trecs. � (a) Plant scien�Cist I�ave indicated that no living orgar�ism lives under greater adverse condi�ions than the stre�i: tree. Aiso, the pruring o� ti�4cs and the subsequent heal ing of wou:ds ar� ti�e r�ost important of a]l tree ma��►�e�ta��ce pract�ces. (b) Broken, de�d, di s�ase or i nsec� i nfes�e� 1��„�� ;:;,� removed to prev�nt decay p�oducing fu�qi tra�� penetrating into �l�� pa�t of the tree to w�;��c+� these branches are attached. (c) Live brar�ches ar� removed to permit per�e�rat�on of sunligh� ar�d circulation o� air �h�•rough, ;,ne branches. (d) Live branches are removed to �omp�ysate for t►�e loss of roo�s fro�„ root cu��ing. Exp«r��ed s��c�� reconstruction aiid underground utility prog•rums throughout St. Paul are da,��aging rc,o�: systc;;:s �� boulevard trees. This type of damage is nat evide�t to the tree i�ediately but causes di�-b��k of branches or�e to two years later. (e) Live rubbing branches are removed to pre�en� ev��- ual decay. 3. Increasing storm dar�age, emerge�rcy callouts , a��c� cc�,:Mlain�: , (a} Records shotiv Svhere boulevard trees receiv,� less maintenance, storm damage and emergency ca11 fuY° t�ees are higher. (b) As trees grow larger, property owners co��nla�ints increase due to branches conflictinq with �orci�es, roofs , and yard trees. Judicious pruning is required to remove this conflict and keep the tr�ee in balance. r • ' � , . Co„�: - 3 - 4. :r�c�^�asi;�,� 1�ub�l��y, (a) D;:4d, s�lit, u,d bro!<e� branch�s ar� a �or�:.�:::;�� hazard to 1 i fe «nd ;�roa�r�y. Dar��g�� r ro;� �a i � �i��, limbs is aiways g��at�st �� trees alo;�q s'cr�e�s and in public parks. (b) � Low harganq bi^ar�ci��s ��ust 5e re��oved �o a ��:irt;� w�ere ttiey ti�ii 11 �o� i i�te rfere w i i:h p�d�s�ri�;;� and vehicular �ra�fic. �C} Trir��m�rg 1S d�SO ��CCeSSui^y it� iY�SUi^� �Y'Out'.i" S�i:�^c:L� light�ng and visior� Far �ra�fic co��rol d�v�ces. �< L�`�:J/jrr ` .. � F � f CITY 0�= SA6N� �'f� �_; :_ ' DEPARTMENT OF COMMUNt:'`t SC;LV��,� �, DIVtSION OF PARKS AND RECREATlON 4a8-729� �v�ESTRY S�CTION 1224 No. Lexington Parkway St. Pau1, Minnesota 55�G3 �}�:� February 9, 1976 :i ,;;, . TO Robert Piram, Director of Co�munity Services Dep4r�r�,e�t ��d Prill , Superin�endent of Parks an�ccrLutior; Fn��?: L1oyd A. Burkholder, Asst. Superinten�en� os Parks and Recrt4�+o�+ SUBJ�CT: Effects of Extendi ng Tree Tri ru�►i ng C,ycl es o� Pub1 i c Bou i�v4 i°� ;'r��s. Following is a list of foot frontages for the past years in tr�rra��ing cycles : 1970 - 645,309 1971 - 570,000 1972 - 774,420 ' 1973 - 1 ,235,519 1974 - 966,450 1975 - 850,000 (estirnated) 1976 - 700,000 (projected) The figures show that thru the use of additior�al equipmer��, training of personnel , and reassi�nment of existing perso�nel to form 3 district trimming crews from 2 cre�rs �he foot frcr��ucj� distances increased, and subsequently dropped the trirrmir�q cycle to 5 years. But with ircreased losses oF elm �Crees ave�� the past two years it was necessary to reassign on� of the district trimmina cre��rs into two removal crews. This has resulted in a decrease in foot frontage distances covered, �nd is increasing the trimming cycle time to seven or eigh� yea•rs. Extending the 5 year boulevard tree trimmfng cycle to six, s�v��., or more years will t��ve an adverse effect by: . l . Increasinq Dutch elm disease incidence. (a) Dutch elm disease control recommendatio�s ;?l��ce � sanitation as the primary fac�or iri Nr�:v��;<<�; �, epidemic disease outbreaks. (b) Sanitation includes the removal and destructi�<.• . , ` ' . T . �l.0 i"�4: � ot a;� dead or weake��eu el�n brancres 2 incf�e, �;� ,,. d�um�ter �r arc,�r. E ,�� burk b�:it�e� , ��r��„c'r� ��,�.;�:,,,,� � the fu��s snores , use this source of material for breedi�g and pcpulatio;t buildu�. �a�1u;a to e��.;,�;,��:. �� this source of materia; will provide more b�r;� bce�'cs - r=��re disease - more dy;ng elms ir� u rapidiy ;nc;easir�i rt;tio. (c) 7�.�", to 75� of a11 St. Pau; 's boulevard trees a•re e1ms. ir� �,�any co��,munities �he elm cor��pr;ses �5 io iGG�, �� ;�:: boulevard �rees. Healthy trees ar� less susceptibie t� attact by elm bark beetles. 2 Lo�•r�ri n�the ahy�si oi o�i c�l coHd;t�u�; ofi if�� ,r� . v �:f'i.�.,. (a) Pl�nt sciertist have i�d;catc� tha�� no l�vir�� crgG�isn lives under greater adverse cond'►tio;�� than the stree� tree. l�1so, t;�� prur��i;� c; �r:es ��;d the subseque�t healing of wou;ds are �� ;,,os�� impor�ant of a1 i ��"C'� Iia e ii�C'i:,ii�� ;��c�+ce;. (b) Sroke�, dead, d�scase or i;;sec� i r;fes�c� a;;;,�s �;,�:: re��cved to prev�:r� aecG� p�,oduci ng fu;,�; f ra;,� penetrati;�g �nto �� pur� �f ��e �r�� ',-,c ��„c�: these branches u�^e at�acE-�ad. (c) Li ve branches are removed to permi t per,e�•ra�i�,� of su�ligh� a�d circulatio� o� air ti,r�u�� ;:��; bra��ches. (d) Live branches are r�moved to ca�„pensate `o�^ t��:• loss of roots fron root cu�ti»g. �xpa��::u s;,r�.,�;, reconstruc�i o� ai�� underground uti 1 i ty proc;��u,r� throuqhout St. Paul are dur�agi��g root sys;:�:;;,s �.� boulev�rd trees. This �ype of damage is rat evide�t to the �ree ir�ediately but causes �;c-buc�< of �rancl�es one to two years later. (e} Live rub�ing branches are removed to preveni evc�°�;;- ual decay. 3. Increasinc� storm damage, emerg�ncy callouts , a;�c-, ;;U:,,-�1:�in�_-_ (a) Records show where bc�ulevard trees rece�v� �e�:�: mairtenance , sfi:cwn damage and emergency call f�:° trees are higher. (b) As trees grow 1 ar�cr, property owr�ers c�,,,:;�i ,.�i n��> i ncrease due to branches con�Fl i cti ng wi th or rcf�,�s , roofs , ar�d yard trees. Judi ci ous pruni��y �s required to re�ov� this conflict and keep the tr.:^, in balance. r , � . i;r;i��. - 3 - 4, Increasir� l i ab;�i��, (a) D��d, spl�t, a�;d bro!<e�; �•r�;,�c�� ar� u ;,c;,;��..,;� P►�,zard to 1 i�� a��c� ��operi;y. Da��Ger f rc,�� ;a� i �i iJ�j limbs is alti�ra�rs g��atest �� r�e, u;�;;q s�•r��; and in public parks. (b) ' L��v han�i�q brar�cn�s must be re�oved �io a ;�V;�7�� NlhC'1"@ tFl�',y l'/i 11 no� 1 i��E 1^i��'l't? W i�}1 D�ui:��!'i ui� and ve�icuiar �;Nui�ic. � (c) Tr;i,�ni��g is aiso ��cess�ry to irsur� pr�a,�r si;r��:� lighting and visic;� fo� ��Grf7� cor,��-ol u;;v�cc�. �_�� i/J1�: