89-200 . WHITE - CITY CLERK � f
PINK - FINANCE COUnClI �
CANA�tV - OEPARTMENT GITY OF SAINT� PAUL �� ��
BLUE - MA�OR File NO. - -
,
Council Resolution ;-
� - , r�
Presented By
Referred To Committee: _T Date
Out of Committee By Date
RESOLUTION PPROVING THE COMPREHENSIVE HOMELESS ASSISTANCE PLAN
AND DIRECTING THAT IT BE SUBMITTED TO THE
U. . DEPARTMENT OF HOUSING AND URBAN DEVELOPMENT
WHEREAS, on July 22, 1987, the President signed into law the Stewart B.
McKinney Homeless Assistance Act (The "Act") and the 1988 Amend�ents were
signed into law o November 7, 1988;
WHEREAS, Ti le IV of the Act contains five housing assistance programs
to be administere by the U. S. Department of Housing and Urban Development
("HUD") , specific lly:
Subti le B. Emergency Shelter Grants Program
Subti le C. Supportive Housing DeTaonstration Program,
to include both:
(1) Transitional Housing Demonstration
Program; and
(2) Permanent Housing for the Handicapped
Homeless
Subtitle D. Supplemental Assistance for Facilities to
Assist the Homeless
Subt tle E. Section 8 SRO Moderate Rehabilitation Program
WHEREAS, S title A of Title IV establishes the requirements for the
Comprehensive Ho eless Assistance Plan (the "CHAP") ;
COUNCILMEN Requested by De rtmen
Yeas Nays �
�
In Favor
Against BY��
Adopted by Council: Dat Form Approved by City Atforn
�[/,
Certified Passed by Council Se retary BY �%�/�
sy
A►pproved by Mavor: Date Approve by M or ubmission to Council
By "'�—" —
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,
WHEREAS, a sistance under the various Subtitles of Title IV may not be
made available t or within the jurisdiction of States, or cities that are
eligible for fo ula grants under the Emergency Shelter Grant program ("ESG
Formula Cities") or counties that are eligible for formula grants under the
Emergency Shelte Grants program ("ESG Formula Counties") that do not have a
HUD-a roved CHA ;
WHEREAS, n tice on the requirements, changes and timeline for the CHAP
were published i the Federal Register December 28, 1988, and require CHAP
submission withi forty-five days of the publication of the Notice;
WHEREAS, t e City of Saint Paul, Minnesota (the "City") is an ESG
Formula City and therefore is required to submit a CHAP to HUD no later than
February 13, 198 ;
WHEREAS, i the future, CHAPS must be submitted annually by October 1 of
each year, with nnual performance reports due by May 31;
WHEREAS, t e City has had the benefit of several reports and plans
regarding homele sness in Saint Paul, including:
(1) "More Than Shelter: A Joint Plan to Meet the Housing Needs
of Low Income, Childless, Non-Elderly Persons: A Response
to the Problems of the Homeless" (October, 1985)
(2) "The 1988 Report to the Saint Paul City Council and Mayor
from the Overnight Shelter Board"
(3) "A Report to the United Way of the Saint Paul Area on the
Recommendations of the Human Development Action Coalition
("HuDAC") on Long-Term Solutions to Hunger and Homelessness
in the Greater Saint Paul Metropolitan Area" (May, 1987)
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WHITE - CITV CLERK ' ,
PINK - FINANCE GITY OF SAINT PALTL Council
GANARV - DEF#4RTMENT �
BLUE - MAVOR File NO. � ��
Council Resolution
Presented By
Referred To Committee: Date
Out of Committee By Date
�
WHEREAS, he CHAP, as updated and presented to the City Council of the
City of Saint Pa 1, attempts to make maximum use of the reports and plans
previously compl ted in order to present a comprehensive review of the needs
of homeless pers ns and a coordinated approach to maximize the use of
available HUD fu ds;
NOW, THERE ORE, BE IT:
RESOLVED, y the City Council of the City of Saint Paul, Minnesota, that
the Comprehensiv Homeless Assistance Plan dated January 20, 1988, is hereby
approved; and be it further
RESOLVED, hat the City Council hereby directs the Mayor to submit the
Comprehensive Ho eless Assistance Plan to the U. S. Department of Housing and
Urban Developmen within the time-frame specified in the Federal Register
dated December 2 , 1988.
COUNCIL MEMBERS
Yeas Nays Requested by. artmen
�
Dimond
�ng In Favor
Goswitz ��
Rettman �/�/�
scneibel A gai n s t BY
Soanen
Wilson
�Ep " 7 I�B� Form Approved by City At orne
Adopted by Council: Date � �
✓
Certified Ya s Counci c ry BY—
gy, �---
A►pproved IVlav : a ��- � �y�g Approved y May f Sub ' sion to Coun '1
��
By
PL �.�5�9 F;- ,� 1 :: 1989
C� g�-��
� _N°_ 014232 �
. •• DEPARI'MENT . - - -
. CONTACT NAME
PHONE
� � . DATE . �
ASSIGN NUMBER gOR SOU:'� G ORDE : (See reverse side.)
� Department Director � Mayor (or Assistant)
_ Finance and Manage t Services Director ' � City Clerk
Budget Director �, e�y�,j,,,���ue,�. ��
� Citq Attornep%� _
T (Clip all locations for signature.)
V G ON ? (PurposefRationale)
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,1AN 2 31989 �
MAYOR"S O�flCE
NAN GE C �C G R R D T D:
(Kayor's signature not required if under $10.000.) _
Total Amount of Tran �ction: Activity�Number:
NaN�
Funding Source;
ATTACHMENTS: (List an number all attachments.)
� ,� . ��� �p ouncii Research Center
� � JAN 2 � i�89
1 ' '
ADI�IINISTRATIVE PROCEDU S
_Yes _No Rule , Regulations, Procedures, or Budget Amendment required?
_Yes _No If s, are they or tim�table attached7 � ,
DEPARTMENT REVIEW CITY ATTOR�TEY REVIEW
✓Yes No Counc resolution required� Resolution required? �Yes _No
_Yes ✓No Insur ce required? Insurance sufficient? ,�Y�s _No
�Yes ✓No Insur ce attached?
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COMPREHENSIVE HOMELESS ASSISTANCE PLAN
JANUARY 20, 1989
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City of Saint Paul, Minnesota
George Latimer, Mayor
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COMPREHENSIVE HOMELESS ASSISTANCE PLAN
CONTENTS PAGE 1
I. INTRODUCTI O�i ],
I
II. STATEMENT 0� NEED 2
III. INVENTORY 0� FACILITIES AND SERVICES 4
IV. STRATEGY 5
A. MATC ING NEEDS WITH AVAILABLE SERVICES
B. RECO IZING SPECIAL NEEDS
V. EXPLANATIO� OF HOW ASSISTANCE AVAILABLE THROUGH 6
SUBTITLES -E, TITLES IV WILL COMPLEMENT AND
ENHANCE AV ILABLE SERVICES
VI. CONTACT PE SON
VII. INFORMATIO AL EXCHANGE
EXHIBITS
A. Defining tt�e Target Group -- A Diverse Population with Different Needs
B. Background on Hunger and Homelessness
C. A Brief De cription of the Shelters
D. Hunger and Homeless Service Providers in the East Metropolitan Area
(NOTE: Th s includes all of the City of Saint Paul)
E. Resolution of the City Council of the City of Saint Paul, Minnesota
Pertaining to the CHAP
F. State Cert�fication of Receipt
RE �ERENCE REPORT
1.) More Than Shelter: A Joint Plan to Meet the Housing Needs of Low
Inco e, Childless, Non-Elderly Persons: A Response to the Problems
of t e Homeless (Revised, October, 1985) .
2. ) The 988 Report to the Saint Paul City Council and Mayor from the
Over ight Shelter Board.
3. ) A Re ort to the United Way of the Saint Paul Area on the
Reco endations of the Human Development Action Coalition on
Long Term Solutions to Hunger and Homelessness in the Greater
Sain Paul Metropolitan Area (May, 1987) .
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COMPREHENSIVE HOMELESS ASSISTANCE PLAN
I. INTRODUCTIO
This Comprehensiv Homeless Assistance Plan ("CHAP") has been written and
submitted in orde to meet the requirements of the Stewart B. McKinney
Homeless Assista e Act (the "Act") , Title IV, Subtitle A.
The City of Saint Paul, Minnesota, through its own operating departments as
well as through c operative working arrangements with local non-profit
organizations (" n-profits") , the Public Housing Agency of the City of Saint
Paul (the "PHA") , Ramsey County government agencies (the "County") , and State
of Minnesota gove nment agencies (the "State") intends to access funds
available throug the authorities in Subtitles B, C and/or E of Title IV of
the Act to enhanc , complement, and expand where appropriate, facilities and
services for homeless individuals and families. Specifically, the subtitle
referred to in t previous sentence include:
Subtitle B. Emergency Shelter Grants Program
Subtitle C. Supportive Housing Demonstration Program:
1. ) Transitional Housing Demonstration
Program;
2.) Permanent Housing for the
Handicapped Homeless
Subtitle D. Supplemental Assistance for Facilities to
� Assist the Homeless
Subtitle E. Section 8 SRO Moderate Rehabilitation
Program
For the purposes of this CHAP, the definitions of "homeless", "homeless
individual", "sh lter" , and "transitional housing" shall be the same as the
definitions used in the Act and the various proposed rules and notices which
have been publis ed in the Federal Register.
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II. STATEMENT bF NEED
For several year�, the City of Saint Paul (the "City") has been attempting to
provide faciliti�s and services to assist the Homeless. A pioneering effort
to describe the $�eeds of homeless people came together in October, 1985
through the MorelThan Shelter report. More Than Shelter has been a joint
fund-raising and� development plan, undertaken by the Cities of Saint Paul and
Minneapolis, thelCounties of Ramsey and Hennepin, and the Minneapolis/Saint
Paul Family Hous�Cng Fund, a 501(c)3 private, non-profit housing finance
corporation form�d in 1980 by the Cities and the McKnight Foundation. Part II
of the More Than' Shelter report defines one target subgroup within the
homeless populat on -- single, non-elderly, childless adults. The report
identifies the n�ed to provide a spectrum of housing/supportive services
depending upon a� person's ability to live independently based upon a variety
of economic, soc$.al, mental health, psychological and physical factors (Please
see Exhibit A) . �
The point that t]�e homeless population is a diverse group with a mix of
different housin and services needs has not only been proven true to the
single, non-elde ly childless adult subgroup but has also been evidenced among
other homeless s bgroups (families with children, elderly, mentally ill, and
veterans. ;
A demonstration f the varying needs of homeless people has been documented in
The 1988 Re ort o the Saint Paul Cit Council and Ma or from the Overni ht
Shelter Board (t e "OSB Report") . The Saint Paul Overnight Shelter Board,
which was create by the Mayor and City Council in 1985, is charged with the
responsibility t determine annually the number of homeless persons desiring
overnight shelte , assess the current shelter availability in Saint Paul, and
formulate recomm nded additional programs or plans for securing shelter for
homeless personsf In its summary of 1988 survey data, the OSB Report states
that: i
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" - - The �a�ority of homeless people expect to be without housing for
less than 3 months.
- - Appr ximately sixty-five percent have lived in the Twin Cities for
a ye�r or more - over thirty-five percent have lived here eleven
or m�re years.
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- - Fort�-three percent of all of the homeless are wanting to accept
help ',from a caseworker.
- - Thre�-quarters of the population do not appear to have mental
heali�h problems.
- - Almo t half have participated in some type of job training.
Thir y percent have completed training and twenty-seven percent
actu lly worked in a field using that training.
- - Sixt�-three percent of the men are not on General Assistance.
- - Fift}�-three percent of the men have looked for work within the
last I seven days.
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- - At le st one-half of the men do not appear to have chemical �
depen ency problems.
- - Only $ of the men and 2� of the women do not want their own place
to li e.
- - Sevent�y-seven percent of the men and eighty-eight percent of the
womenlare looking for permanent housing in Saint Paul.
"The urvey respondents remain a diverse group. All ages are
repre ented. Approximately three-quarters of the shelter users on
the s rvey night were men. There was an increase in the
perce tage (598 - 65�) of women who had their children in the
shelt r with them. Ninety-three percent of the children were
under age 10". The percentage of preschool children in shelters
incre sed by 12$ over the past year.
- - Howev r the number of women and children requesting shelter has
incre sed (23$ for the women, 48� for the children) . This
incre se in the use of shelters by women and children is
acco anied by shorter stays in the shelters than in previous
years.
The OSB Report a so demonstrates that, despite advances in supplying more
emergency shelte s, transitional housing, and permanent housing, the number of
requests for she ter has decreased only slightly from 1987 to 1988. However,
an increase in t e number of "first-time" homeless persons is noted.
The needs of hom less individuals and families go beyond shelter or housing
alone. In May, 987, a report to the Saint Paul Area United Way was made by
the Human Develo ment Action Coalition on the problems and long-term solutions
to hunger and ho elessness in the greater Saint Paul Metropolitan area (the
"HuDAC Report") .
The Human Develo ment Action Coalition ("HuDAC") is a task force of more than
forty representa ives of the public, private, and nonprofit sectors in the
greater Saint Pa 1 area convened in October, 1986 by the United Way of the
Saint Paul Area. The task force, which is facilitated by the Public/Private
Initiative Pro�e t of the Hubert H. Humphrey Institute of Public Affairs,
University of Mi nesota, desired to go beyond "treating symptoms of hunger and
homelessness to olutions eliminating their underlying causes" and established
four purposes:
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(A) Deve�.oping a community consensus on the causes and problems of
hung r and homelessness:
(B) Seek ng improved responses along a continuum of strategies and
servi ces, i.e. , short-term, transitional, and long-term;
(C) Ensu ing ongoing public accountability for the effectiveness of
thes strategies and services; and
(D) Mars aling support from the public, private, and nonprofit sectors
in a variety of community-wide initiatives for and with those in
critical need of adequate housing, food, and/or better nutrition.
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The "Background o Hunger and Homelessness", contained in the HuDAC Report,
states that Saint�Paul is experiencing an increase in the number of women with
children who are �omeless and that, despite an increase in the number of food
shelves and impro ed efficiency in food distribution, the number of
individuals bein served increased between 1985 and 1986 and 20 percent of the
families with children responding to a survey of Saint Paul area food shelf
users reported t at their children missed one or more meals in the previous
month because th lacked food. (Please see Exhibit B) .
Taken together, e More Than Shelter report, the OSB Report, and the HuDAC
Report clearly a ticulate the diverse housing/supportive service needs within
each of the many�subgroups comprising the homeless population in Saint Paul.
These three repo�fts also document the need for the assistance available under
each of the fourlprogram subtitles in Title IV of the Act, specifically:
ubt tle B. Emergency Shelter Grants Program;
Subt'tle C Supportive Housing Demonstration Program, including
both:
1.) Transitional Housing Demonstration Program;
2.) Permanent Housing for Handicapped Homeless;
Subt tle D Supplemental Assistance for Facilities to Assist the
Homeless
Subt. tle E Section 8 SRO Moderate Rehabilitation Program.
For the purposes of this CHAP, the definitions of "homeless" , "homeless
individual" , "sh lter" , and "transitional housing" shall be the same as the
definitions used in the Act and the various proposed rules and notices which
have been publis ed in the �Federal Register.
II�. INVENTORY F FACILITIES AND SERVICES
A. FACILITIES
The OSB Report i�cludes an inventory of facilities providing emergency shelter
(Please see Exhi it C) . This is a list of all facilities which we are aware
of, however we w�ll not re�ect proposals by others simply because they are not
listed. This in�entory is supplemented by the following information:
Transition l Housin
* YWCA (91 Lexington Avenue)
19 apartment units for women with children participating in
the YWCA's Progressive Housing Transitions Program.
* YWCA (scattered sites)
20 units of transitional housing rented from private
landlords.
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* Theresa iving Center (917 E. Jessamine Ave.)
;
Transitional housing accommodations for 12 women and/or
women with children.
Permanent ousin
* American House (352 Wacouta)
56 SRO units (new)
* Wilder A artments at Snelling (545 N. Snelling Avenue)
76 SRO units (new)
* Dorothy ay (186 Old Sixth Street)
25 SRO units (new)
* Rehabilit�ated SRO units (3 scattered sites)
67 SRO units
* Scattere Site, 3 Bedrooms (3 sites)
47 townhouse units for families with children; rents
$250 - 300 below current market rate for 3 BR units
* St. Paul Indian Housing Program (scattered sites)
11 rehabilitated single family houses for American Indian
families with children; Section 8 rental assistance for 15
years. �
* Minnehah� Court
24 townhouse units for families with children 2-3-4 bedroom
units at rents ranging from $463 to $579 (includes
utilities) .
* Virginia Circle
16 3-bedroom units for families with children with rents at
$521 (including utilities)
* Fuller T wnhomes
9 2-and-3' bedroom units with rents at $420 and $460.
B. SERVICES
In addition to t e services referenced in the OSB Report's inventory of
services and to individualized counseling/training/supportive services
provided in con� nction with the YWCA's transitional housing facilities, a
number of organi ations and programs provide assistance to homeless persons in
Saint Paul. The Emer�ency Shelter Provider and Referral Directory lists these
services. (Pleas see Exhibit D.) (This is a list of all providers which we
are aware of, ho ever we will not re�ject proposals by others not listed simply
because they are not identified on this list.)
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IV. STRATEGY
Parts II (Needs) nd III (Inventory) of this CHAP illustrate that, although a
considerable base of facilities and services exists to assist homeless
persons, the nee for housing/supportive services continues to exist.
More Than She te , the OSB Report, and the HuDAC Report all agree that a
continuum of faci ities and services must be maintained and added to in order
to provide:
- - short-term, emergency assistance:
- - transitional or interim assistance toward developing
self-sufficiency; and
- - long-term opportunities for persons who can live
, independently.
Four targeted sub-groups within the homeless population were specifically
referenced in th Act as having special needs. The City strategy to provide a
continuum of hou ing/supportive services would address the needs of the four
specific sub-gro ps as folliows:
l. Famillies with children
Need 'for production of affordable transitional facilities (gap
betw en emergency and permanent housing)
Need for funds to supplement operating budgets of existing
emer ency shelters
Prod ction of new, affordable permanent housing is key
More services (child care, employment �ob training) to build
self sufficiency.
Fina cial assistance in paying housing expenses (similar to
Pro� ct Self-Sufficiency)
Othe programs to be identified.
2. Elde
Need ongoing program (like SRO Mod Rehab) to maintain existing SRO
hous ng stock
Coun eling, CD support services
"Har core" homeless (older men) need more emergency services
Need for development of permanent housing for handicapped homeless
(eld rly and non-elderly) .
Othe programs to be identified.
3. Ment 11 ill
Same needs for maintenance of existing SRO stock and production of
new, permanent housing for mentally handicapped individuals who
are omeless or "at risk" of becoming homeless.
Othe programs to be identified.
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4. Vete ans
Coun eling services (specialized to this sub-group)
Need for transitional housing development
Heal h/mental health services
Case workers
Empl yment counseling services
Subs 'ance abuse counseling
Othe programs to be identified.
The above-identi ied opportunities to either match existing
facilities/servi es with needs or expand facilities/services is not intended
to be an exhaust've listing of the facility-related or services-related
activities to be undertaken in connection with this strategy. Nor is the
identification o the above-referenced targeted subgroups intended to preclude
programs, facili ies, or services which would target other local subgroups
(like childless, non-elderly, single adults, handicapped persons, single
parents, etc. ) . The City intends to continue to work with Nonprofits, the
United Way of th Saint Paul Area, PHA, the County, and the State to maintain
and, where appro riate, add facilities and services to meet the needs of the
various homeless subgroups within the City.
V. EXP T 0 OF HOW ASS ST C AVAI B E THROUGH SU T S B- ITLE IV
WILL COM N AND E AV BL SERVICES
In the past thre years, the City has initiated considerable effort to
rehabilitate and add units to the transitional housing and permanent housing
stock. Since th Fall of 1985, a total of 51 new transitional units have been
made available t women with children, 157 new permanent single room occupancy
units have been dded to the supply downtown and in the neighborhoods, 67
single room occu ancy units have been rehabilitated for single adults, and 107
new, two, three nd four-bedroom affordable permanent housing units for
families have be n developed.
These locally-in tiated efforts, responding to the findings and
recommendations f the reports which have been quoted in this Plan, have
allowed Saint Pa 1 to make some progress to-date in addressing homeless needs.
Yet, there conti ues to be a need for additional work done to formulate
long-term soluti ns and to accomplish more in the delivery of services and
facilities in th three areas of emergency, transitional and permanent
housing. The su cess of future efforts to be undertaken in the City depends
upon additional onies becoming available through the programs authorized
under Subtitles through E, Title IV of the Act.
Each of the prog ams authorized under Subtitle B through E, Title IV, of the
Act can potentia ly be used in Saint Paul either to enhance the usefulness of
current faciliti s and services or to fill existing gaps in the provision of
facilities or se ices (Please see Part IV. Strategy for a fuller
discussion) .
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For example:
1. mer enc Shelter Grant ro ram
Fund potentially available through this program could be useful
in a sisting to pay ongoing operating expenses of existing
shel ers and in providing basic emergency services (i.e. , food,
clot ing, health care) to homeless persons and families. While
the ost recent OSB Report stated that additional emergency
(exc uding transitional) beds are not currently needed, the City
will c losely monitor the nwnb er of emergency beds available (vs.
need , particularly beds for single parent families and families
with children. If needed, such facilities would be added.
Addi ionally, Emergency Shelter Grant Funds would be helpful in
incr asing the provision of supportive services (i.e. , counseling,
case management, employment training, child care, etc.) to assist
fami ies with children, single adults, elderly, veterans, and
othe s to build self-sufficiency. ESG funds could be a very
impo tant piece of the rehab-financing in adding additional
emer ency shelter beds for families. Where appropriate, new
tran itional facilities or services, designed toward the needs of
spec fic subgroups, may be added.
2. T a it onal Housi em stration Pro ram
The ity hopes to use funds available through this program for
capi al development needs (acquisition and rehab of transitional
faci ities) and for supportive services (both on-site and
off- ite) . Transitional facilities are needed for families with
chil ren, elderly and non-elderly single adults and mentally ill
adul s. Veterans may be served either within these subgroups or
as a discrete subgroup entirely.
3. Perm nent• ousin for Handica ed Homeless
Fund available through this program would be used to increase the
supp y of affordable, appropriate housing for mentally -
emot'onally - , and physically-handicapped persons who are either
home ess or "at risk" of becoming homeless. The City will work
with State officials, the County and Non-profits to develop the
nece�ssary proposals.
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4. Su lemental Assistance for F cilities to Ass'st the Homeless
1�ao otential uses seem appropriate. First, where, and if,
necessary, the Supplemental Program funds potentially available
woul be used to assist pro3ects and programs being financed with
fun s from the Emergency Shelter Grants Program, the Supportive
Housing Demonstration program, or the Permanent Housing for
Han icapped Homeless Program) . Additionally, the City hopes to
use funds from the Supplemental Program to assist in financing
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innov tive projects or programs which may be structured in the
near uture. Special emphases for these pro�ects and prograans
would be directed toward families with children, elderly persons,
and o her subgroups who are identified as having special needs.
5. ecti 8 SRO MODERATE EHABILITATION PROGRAM
The C'ty will work with the Public Housing Agency of the City of
Saint Paul to develop a moderate rehabilitation program to
prese e and expand the stock of SRO housing so that funds
poten ially available under the Section 8 SRO Mod Rehab Program
can b accessed.
VI. CONTACT PER ON
The person to co act for further information regarding this comprehensive
Homeless Assista e Plan is Victoria M. Murray, Department of Planning and
Economic Developm nt, 25 W. Fourth Street, Saint Paul, Minnesota 55102;
telephone number s (612) 228-3353.
VII. INFORMAT ON EXCHANGE
The City of Saint Paul is an Emergency Shelter Grant formula city. As such,
we have met with ur State counterparts and have submitted to them a copy of
our Comprehensive Homeless Assistance Plan. Their certification of receiving
this document is ttached and identified as "Exhibit F".
VIII. DRUG AND A COHOL-FREE POLICY
The City of Saint Paul will administer, in good faith, a policy designed to
ensure that all r cipients of Emergency Shelter Grants and Supportive Housing
(both Transitiona and Permanent Housing components) will guarantee that their
homeless faciliti s are free from the illegal use, possession or distribution
of drugs or alcoh 1 by it's beneficiaries.
REFERENCE REPORTS
The following thr e reports represent significant work completed locally to
document the need of homeless persons in Saint Paul, describe facilities and
services, and rec mmend strategies and actions to respond to the problems of
homeless individ ls and families.
Each of these thr e works have been referenced in the Saint Paul CHAP.
Selected excerpts have been included as formal exhibits. Complete copies of
_ the reports are a ailable from the Office of the Mayor:
1. ) More an Shelter: A Joint Plan to Meet the Housing Needs of Low
Inco , Childless, Non-Elderly Persons; A Response to the Problems
of t Homeless (Revised, October, 1985) .
2. ) The 1 88 Report to the Saint Paul City Council and Mayor from the
Over ight Shelter Board.
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